CVE-2026-33895
Forge has signature forgery in Ed25519 due to missing S > L check
At a glance
- Source
- NVD
- EPSS
- EPSS 0.53 % · percentile 44 ()
- State
- PUBLISHED
- Published
- Updated
- Assigner
- GitHub_M
- NVD status
- Modified
Description
Forge (also called `node-forge`) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. Prior to version 1.4.0, Ed25519 signature verification accepts forged non-canonical signatures where the scalar S is not reduced modulo the group order (`S >= L`). A valid signature and its `S + L` variant both verify in forge, while Node.js `crypto.verify` (OpenSSL-backed) rejects the `S + L` variant, as defined by the specification. This class of signature malleability has been exploited in practice to bypass authentication and authorization logic (see CVE-2026-25793, CVE-2022-35961). Applications relying on signature uniqueness (i.e., dedup by signature bytes, replay tracking, signed-object canonicalization checks) may be bypassed. Version 1.4.0 patches the issue.
Weaknesses (CWE)
- CWE-347 — Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
References
- https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-q67f-28xg-22rw
- https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/commit/bdecf11571c9f1a487cc0fe72fe78ff6dfa96b85
- https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8032#section-8.4
- https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-33895
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2452457
- https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-33895.json
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24761
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:34342
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:9742
- https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13826
Scores
| Version | Score | Vector | Scored by |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH 7.5 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N | GitHub_M |
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH 7.5 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N | redhat-SADP |
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH 7.5 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N | NVD · security-advisories@github.com (Secondary) |
| CVSS 3.1 | HIGH 7.5 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N | NVD · 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c (Secondary) |
Advisories
- GHSA-q67f-28xg-22rw — Forge has signature forgery in Ed25519 due to missing S > L check
European references
- ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-16835
- GCVE · GCVE-0-2026-33895
CERT-FR advisories
- CERTFR-2026-AVI-1233 — Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM · cert.ssi.gouv.fr
- CERTFR-2026-AVI-0698 — Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM · cert.ssi.gouv.fr
- CERTFR-2026-AVI-0581 — Multiples vulnérabilités dans MongoDB · cert.ssi.gouv.fr
Affected configurations (NVD CPE)
cpe:2.3:a:digitalbazaar:forge:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*≤ 1.3.3
Affected products
| Product | Versions |
|---|---|
| digitalbazaar · forge | affected < 1.4.0 |
Sources
| Source | Licence |
|---|---|
| CVE List (CVEProject cvelistV5) | CVE Program Terms of Use |
| EPSS (FIRST.org) | FIRST — attribution requested |
| ENISA EUVD | ENISA — reproduction authorised, source acknowledged |
| CERT-FR (ANSSI) | Licence Ouverte / Etalab 2.0 |
| NVD (NIST) via fkie-cad/nvd-json-data-feeds | Public domain — this product uses data from the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD |