CVE-2026-40088

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') in praisonai

At a glance

Severity: CRITICAL 9.7
EPSS: EPSS 0.42 % · percentile 36 (2026-10-27)
State: PUBLISHED
Published: 2026-04-09
Updated: 2026-04-09
Assigner: GitHub_M
NVD status: Analyzed

Description

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to 4.5.121, the execute_command function and workflow shell execution are exposed to user-controlled input via agent workflows, YAML definitions, and LLM-generated tool calls, allowing attackers to inject arbitrary shell commands through shell metacharacters. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.5.121.

Scores

Version	Score	Vector	Scored by
CVSS 3.1	CRITICAL 9.7	CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H	GitHub_M
CVSS 3.1	CRITICAL 9.6	CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H	NVD · security-advisories@github.com (Secondary)
CVSS 3.1	CRITICAL 9.6	CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H	NVD · nvd@nist.gov (Primary)

Weaknesses (CWE)

CWE-78

Advisories

GHSA-2763-cj5r-c79m — PraisonAI Vulnerable to OS Command Injection
PYSEC-2026-461 — PraisonAI Vulnerable to OS Command Injection

European references

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2026-21064
GCVE · GCVE-0-2026-40088

Affected configurations (NVD CPE)

cpe:2.3:a:praison:praisonai:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* < 4.5.121

Affected products

Product	Versions
MervinPraison · PraisonAI	affected < 4.5.121

References

Sources

Source	Licence
CVE List (CVEProject cvelistV5)	CVE Program Terms of Use
EPSS (FIRST.org)	FIRST — attribution requested
ENISA EUVD	ENISA — reproduction authorised, source acknowledged
NVD (NIST) via fkie-cad/nvd-json-data-feeds	Public domain — this product uses data from the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD