fast-jwt: Empty HMAC secret accepted via async key resolver - JWT auth bypass (nearform fast-jwt)

CVE-2026-44351
CRITICAL 9.1

At a glance

Source
NVD
EPSS
EPSS 0.25 % Β· percentile 16 ()
State
PUBLISHED
Published
Updated
Assigner
GitHub_M
NVD status
Deferred

Description

fast-jwt provides fast JSON Web Token (JWT) implementation. Prior to 6.2.4, a critical authentication-bypass vulnerability in fast-jwt's async key-resolver flow allows any unauthenticated attacker to forge arbitrary JWTs that are accepted as authentic. When the application's key resolver returns an empty string (''), for example via the common keys[decoded.header.kid] || '' JWKS-style fallback, fast-jwt converts it to a zero-length Buffer, hands it to crypto.createSecretKey, derives allowedAlgorithms = ['HS256','HS384','HS512'] from it, and then verifies the token's signature against an empty-key HMAC. The attacker simply computes HMAC-SHA256(key='', input='${header}.${payload}'), which Node accepts without complaint β€” and the verifier returns the attacker-chosen payload (sub, admin, scopes, etc.) as authentic. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.2.4.

Weaknesses (CWE)

  • CWE-287 β€” Improper Authentication
  • CWE-326 β€” Inadequate Encryption Strength
  • CWE-1391 β€” Use of Weak Credentials

References

Scores

VersionScoreVectorScored by
CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.1CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:NGitHub_M
CVSS 3.1CRITICAL 9.1CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:NNVD Β· security-advisories@github.com (Secondary)

Advisories

European references

Affected products

ProductVersions
nearform Β· fast-jwtaffected < 6.2.4

Sources

SourceLicence
CVE List (CVEProject cvelistV5)CVE Program Terms of Use
EPSS (FIRST.org)FIRST β€” attribution requested
ENISA EUVDENISA β€” reproduction authorised, source acknowledged
NVD (NIST) via fkie-cad/nvd-json-data-feedsPublic domain β€” this product uses data from the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD